Decentralized applications (dApps) are applications that run
on top of blockchain networks. They can be designed for several real-world use
cases. Although dApps can appear similar to web applications in terms of user
experience (UX), their back-end processes differ. Decentralized apps eschew
centralized servers to transact in a distributed and peer-to-peer (P2P) fashion
as opposed to using the central HTTP protocol to communicate.
DApps run everything from games and marketplaces to decentralized
finance (DeFi) lending platforms. Everything has pros and cons, and dApps are
no exception. Let’s start with the advantage of decentralized applications:
Simple to develop:
dApps use very complex protocols to achieve consensus, the
greater complexity the great abstraction provided for the developer looking to
implement specified business logic.
More control:
Enterprise blockchain-based applications are usually designed
to connect different organizations or trading partners. If even a part of the
solution is centralized, each organization must trust the entity controlling
that part. Fully decentralized applications don’t have this problem, because a
decentralized structure allows each party to run the app without having to
trust any other party. This usually results in faster adoption of the
application.
Safer data:
dApps are based on a shared database that replicates stored
information across all other nodes. This means that hijacking a single node
doesn’t restrict the organization’s ability to access its critical data.
Open source:
All dApp code is supposed to be open source, which means it’s
transparent and can be viewed by anyone who wants to verify the developers’
claims on what it does.
Transparent data:
While privacy laws and regulations differ from one country to
the next, centralized applications still require users to ask them for their
data. Since dApps are on a public blockchain, this information can’t be hidden.
Less downtime:
dApps are more robust and flexible than centralized applications
since they don’t require connectivity to a single centralized server to run.
This means that enterprises can ensure minimal interruptions and downtime for
maximum business continuity and resilience.
Data is never lost:
Once information is added to the blockchain, it’s stored
permanently, which means dApps are more resistant to modifications or
restrictions.
Can’t be blocked:
dApps aren’t hosted on any particular IP address. Since there
is less authority owning a dApp’s network, it is much more difficult for
external authorities to block a dApp.
Cost reduction:
dApps offer a higher transaction speed, which translates to
cost reduction. Unlike centralized systems, organizations don’t need to install
heavy servers and hire experts to manage and maintain their servers and data.
DApps Are the Building Blocks of the Future
DApps are not just for simple applications. Developers can
design decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) that operate as
apparatuses governed through code democratically voted upon by users. The
emerging marketplace of Ethereum dApps is being built with composability in
mind, which means that different services can be used interoperably to fulfill
a near-limitless range of intended use cases. Sometimes referred to as “money legos,”
dApps can be stacked on top of each other and are highly modular, yet intuitive
and simple from an end-user perspective.
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